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Calcium channel blocker toxicity
Calcium channel blocker toxicity, calcium channel blocker poisoning or calcium channel blocker overdose is the taking of too much of the medications known as calcium channel blockers either by accident or on purpose. This often causes a slow heart rate and low blood pressure. This can progress to the heart stopping altogether. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, and shortness of breath. Symptoms usually occur in the first six hours but with some forms of the medication may not start until 24 hours.〔
There are a number of treatments that may be useful. These include efforts to reduce absorption of the drug including: activated charcoal taken by mouth if given shortly after the ingestion or whole bowel irrigation if an extended release formula was taken. Efforts to cause vomiting are not recommended.〔 Medications to treat the toxic effects include: intravenous fluids, calcium gluconate, glucagon, high dose insulin, vasopressors and lipid emulsion.〔〔 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may also be an option.〔
Greater than ten thousand cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity were reported in the United States in 2010. Along with beta blockers and digoxin calcium channel blockers have one of the highest rates of death in overdose.〔 These medications first became available in the 1970s and 1980s. It is one of the few medications in which one pill can result in the death of a child.
==Signs and symptoms==
Most people who have taken too much of a calcium channel blocker have a slow heart rate and low blood pressure.〔 This can progress to the heart stopping altogether.〔 Other potential symptoms include: nausea and vomiting, a decreased level of consciousness, and breathing difficulties.〔 Symptoms if they occur usually begin within 6 hours of taking the medication by mouth.〔 With extended release formulations symptoms may not occur for up to a day.〔 Seizures are rare in adults but in children occur more often.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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